The Layout of The Global Navigation Satellite

US GPS system

Design proposal: 24 satellites

Finished time: 1995

The latest developmentes: On May 13, 2010, US Delta? rocket launched the first improved GPS-2F and another two will be launched this year. The GPS-2F has the ability of preventing interference and damage.

The working life has been extended to 15 years. At the same time, the third GPS plan which is designed to satisfy the technology expanding in future 30 years and user's requirement is likely to be deployed ahead of time.

Russia GLONASS system

Design proposal: 24 satellites

Finished time: 1996

The latest developments: By February, 2010, there are 18 GLONASS satellites in running position. Because the GLONASS satellite is short of life, it has been in damage control mode since 1999 and can't provide world navigation satellite service. It's estimated to launch 9 GLONASS satellites in 2010 to restore the system.

European Galileo satellite navigation system

Design proposal: 3 GSO; 30 MEO

Perchance, coming generations will not abide the dissolution of the globe, but, availing themselves of future inventions in aerial locomotion, and the navigation of space, the entire race may migrate from the earth, to settle some vacant and more western planet.... It took but little art, a simple application of natural laws, a canoe, a paddle, and a sail of matting, to people the isles of the Pacific, and a little more will people the shining isles of space. Do we not see in the firmament the lights carried along the shore by night, as Columbus did? Let us not despair or mutiny.
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

Finished time: It's initially estimated to achieve the full coverage in the world in 2012.

The latest developments: the GALILEO system began in 2002 is not going smoothly. The initial plan is delayed for 6 years as a result of the overspending and profit-sharing of the memebers. In November, two GALLILEO satellites will be launched.

And the 14 work-type satellites made by Germany OHB are going to be released from July, 2012. Arianespace's satellite will launch 10 GALILEO satellites in 2012.

CNSS

Design proposal: 5 GSO; 30 MEO

Finished time: To achieve the Asia-Pacific coverage 2012 and worldwide coverage in 2020. The latest developments: The third and forth navigation satellites made by CAST (China Academy of Space Technology) were successully launched by LM-3 rocket on January 17 and June 2, 2010 respectively. The organizing of the satellite is pushed forward steadily on schedule.

Japan QZS system

Design proposal: 3 satellites

Finished time: undertermined

The latest developments: Japan plans to launch the first navigation satellite in this August. The system is composed of 3 satellites. From the perspect of Japan itself, there is always a satellite close to the highest point in the sky.

Because of the towering skyscrapers, there are some problems with the GPS locating accuracy in Japan. The QZS system can work with GPS system to increase the influence and improve the positioning accuracy.

There stands the city of Bangor, fifty miles up the Penobscot, at the head of navigation for vessels of the largest class, the principal lumber depot on this continent, with a population of twelve thousand, like a star on the edge of night, still hewing at the forests of which it is built, already overflowing with the luxuries and refinement of Europe, and sending its vessels to Spain, to England, and to the West Indies for its groceries,—and yet only a few axemen have gone “up river,” into the howling wilderness which feeds it. The bear and deer are still found within its limits; and the moose, as he swims the Penobscot, is entangled amid its shipping, and taken by foreign sailors in its harbor.... Sixty miles above, the country is virtually unmapped and unexplored, and there still waves the virgin forest of the New World.
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

India IRNSS system

Design proposal: 7 satellites

Finished Time: undermined

The latest developments: The India navigation system is planned to be composed of 7 satellites and a large ground control segment. All the developments and productions will be completed in India.

Nigeria NIGCOMSAT-1 S BAS system

The latest developments: After launched the first communication satellite in 2008, Negeria declared that it would step into the world navigation field as an African country.

Resource from: International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems.

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Gps Info ...

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